Longchamp was also Constable of the Tower, and undertook its expansion while preparing for war with King Richard's younger brother, Prince John, who in Richard's absence arrived in England to try to seize power. Despite popular fiction, the Tower of London never had a permanent torture chamber, although the basement of the White Tower housed a rack in later periods.

New creations included a new defensive perimeter, studded with towers, while on the west, north, and east sides, where the wall was not defended by the river, a defensive ditch was dug. Correspondence address: Professor Del Roy Fletcher, CRESR, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB.In Washington, DC, ‘hardening’ key sites has caused traffic patterns (both automobiles and aircraft) to be redirected; has increased restrictions on vehicular parking; and has expanded security perimeters by several hundred metres in certain cases. One of the biggest sections of the show is made up of hostile vehicle mitigation devices disguised as street furniture, showing how several tons of concrete and steel can be variously hidden inside benches, planters, and other hefty lumps to further clutter the sidewalk. In his ‘Sheffield City Council Annual Marx Lecture’ sociologist Stuart Hall partially touches on the interaction between geography and class on life outcomes and opportunities, whilst intersecting them with race, gender, education and more. With an air of invulnerability, these buildings are furnished with minimal physical protection and visibly lack appropriate fortification.

I partially deviate from Bright’s assessment here due to other factors causing the loss for Labour in 2019 primarily misinformation from right wing media, which disguised the negative consequences of the policy of austerity. However, this social liberalism is accompanied by a malignant concentration of power, wealth and opportunity. While its training operations for emergency response (the 1 November 2003 preparedness drill conducted near Abingdon, for instance) have been laudable, a concerted focus on preventative measures deserves even more attention. In this wall, he built St Thomas's Tower between 1275 and 1279; later known as Traitors' Gate, it replaced the Bloody Tower as the castle's water-gate. Articles deal with the situations and experiences of people and places struggling to negotiate the opportunities, constraints and risks within contemporary society.

Brexit was caused partly by centralisation, but I would take the position that it was more a response against an establishment politics whose offer of an alternative was not good enough. Following a series of high-profile attacks on US embassies elsewhere in the world—including lethal bombings in 1983 outside the Beirut mission, and then in 1998 at embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, during which 220 embassy workers were killed and thousands more injured—US Congress ruled that all embassies must be set back from the street behind a 100-foot “seclusion zone,” and be built within a self-contained site of at least four and a half acres. At the south-east corner there is a larger semi-circular projection which accommodates the apse of the chapel. You will see soldiers guarding the Jewel House and King's House, as well as the famous Yeoman Warders (or 'Beefeaters') who have been guarding the Tower for 500 years. Bright moves the focus to devolution and the increasing power and influence that accompanies new powers.

Although there were several phases of expansion after William the Conqueror founded the Tower of London, the general layout has remained the same since Edward I completed his rebuild in 1285. He emphasises the ability of devolved leaders such as Nicola Sturgeon, Mark Drakeford and Andy Burnham to make some of their own decisions to respond to the pandemic, and so to fortify their own positions and the power of devolution.

Under the ceremonial charge of the Constable of the Tower, operated by the Resident Governor of the Tower of London and Keeper of the Jewel House, and guarded by the Yeomen Warders, the property is cared for by the charity Historic Royal Palaces and is protected as a World Heritage Site. There is a recess in the north wall of the crypt; according to Geoffrey Parnell, Keeper of the Tower History at the Royal Armouries, "the windowless form and restricted access, suggest that it was designed as a strong-room for safekeeping of royal treasures and important documents". What I came away wondering is whether all of this is going to be just pointless shouting into the chasm. The penultimate chapter examines the attempts of France and Germany to tackle regional inequalities. The building is unique in England, and the closest parallel is the now demolished water-gate at the Louvre in Paris.

The dock was covered with arrowslits in case of an attack on the castle from the River; there was also a portcullis at the entrance to control who entered. There is very real inequality in the UK, and London's preeminence holds the rest of the nation back. Britain is becoming two nations- a prosperous South East with London at its centre and a permanently struggling periphery.The BBC also employs people from higher social classes who find it difficult to understand the day-to-day problems confronting ordinary people. To improve the resilience of its critical infrastructure and reduce the risk of catastrophic attacks, the UK government must maintain its vigilance and immediately adopt comprehensive protective measures for its key facilities throughout London. Fitzwalter was still in control of London and the Tower, both of which held out until it was clear that Henry III's supporters would prevail. Henry III often held court at the Tower of London, and held parliament there on at least two occasions (1236 and 1261) when he felt that the baron