Smith, Stephen A. (2003). "The Structure of Unjust Enrichment Law: Is Restitution a Right or a Remedy" (PDF). Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review. 36 (2): 1037–1062. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 January 2012 . Retrieved 9 February 2007. Consumer law could include anything from regulations on unfair contractual terms and clauses to directives on airline baggage insurance.

Immigration law and nationality law concern the rights of foreigners to live and work in a nation-state that is not their own and to acquire or lose citizenship. Both also involve the right of asylum and the problem of stateless individuals. Main article: Legislature The Chamber of the House of Representatives, the lower house in the National Diet of Japan Luban, David (2001). "Law's Blindfold". Conflict of Interest in the Professions. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-512863-5. Schermers, Henry G.; Blokker, Niels M. (1995). "Supervision and Sanctions". International Institutional Law. The Hague/London/Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publisher. House of Lords Judgments". House of Lords. Archived from the original on 10 November 2006 . Retrieved 10 November 2006.Main article: Canon law The Corpus Juris Canonici, the fundamental collection of canon law for over 750 years Hazard, Geoffrey C.; Dondi, Angelo (2004). Legal Ethics. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-4882-7. Readers are encouraged to think as lawyers, considering the implications and ramifications of the law in specific case studies. All legal systems deal with the same basic issues, but jurisdictions categorise and identify their legal topics in different ways. A common distinction is that between " public law" (a term related closely to the state, and including constitutional, administrative and criminal law), and " private law" (which covers contract, tort and property). [g] In civil law systems, contract and tort fall under a general law of obligations, while trusts law is dealt with under statutory regimes or international conventions. International, constitutional and administrative law, criminal law, contract, tort, property law and trusts are regarded as the "traditional core subjects", [h] although there are many further disciplines.

Wilson, William (2003). "Understanding Criminal Law". Criminal Law. Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0-582-47301-0. Tamblyn, Nathan (April 2019). "The Common Ground of Law and Anarchism". Liverpool Law Review. 40 (1): 65–78. doi: 10.1007/s10991-019-09223-1. ISSN 1572-8625. S2CID 155131683. Hamilton, Michael S., and George W. Spiro (2008). The Dynamics of Law, 4th ed. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7656-2086-6. France, Anatole (1894). The Red Lily (Le lys rouge). Archived from the original on 17 April 2021 . Retrieved 11 February 2007.In 1934, the Austrian philosopher Hans Kelsen continued the positivist tradition in his book the Pure Theory of Law. [48] Kelsen believed that although law is separate from morality, it is endowed with "normativity", meaning we ought to obey it. While laws are positive "is" statements (e.g. the fine for reversing on a highway is €500); law tells us what we "should" do. Thus, each legal system can be hypothesised to have a basic norm ( Grundnorm) instructing us to obey. Kelsen's major opponent, Carl Schmitt, rejected both positivism and the idea of the rule of law because he did not accept the primacy of abstract normative principles over concrete political positions and decisions. [49] Therefore, Schmitt advocated a jurisprudence of the exception ( state of emergency), which denied that legal norms could encompass all of the political experience. [50]