The administration of substances into the bloodstream. This may be done in situations where it is undesirable or impossible to deliver a medication by mouth, such as antiemetics given to reduce nausea (though not many antiemetics are delivered by enema). Additionally, several anti-angiogenic agents, which work better without digestion, can be safely administered via a gentle enema. Molière (10 May 2018). "?Molière at Versailles". Theater in Translation. The Mercurian . Retrieved 18 July 2020. a b Marilee Schmelzer; Lawrence R. Schiller; Richard Meyer; Susan M. Rugari; Patti Case (November 2004). "Safety and effectiveness of large-volume enema solutions". Applied Nursing Research. 17 (4): 265–274. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2004.09.010. PMID 15573335. a b "NHS Grampian Medicines Management – Laxatives". NHS Grampian Campaign. National Health Service. 2011 . Retrieved 4 March 2019.

Subpart F—Therapeutic Devices Sec. 876.5220 Colonic irrigation system". Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Food and Drugs, Subchapter H – Medical Devices, Part 876 – Gatroenterology-Urology Devices. FDA. 1 April 2007. A large volume enema [10] can be given to cleanse as much of the colon as possible of feces. [11] [12] However, a low enema is generally useful only for stool in the rectum, not in the intestinal tract. [13] Keum B, Jeen YT, Park SC, Seo YS, Kim YS, Chun HJ, Um SH, Kim CD, Ryu HS (2010). "Proctocolitis Caused by Coffee Enemas". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 105 (1): 229–230. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2009.505. PMID 20054322. S2CID 19156781.Toby Meyjes (7 August 2017). "Mother 'investigated for giving son bleach enema to "cure" his autism' ". Metro (British newspaper). DMG Media . Retrieved 24 March 2019.

Nicholls, Pam Hufford; Metules, Terri J (April 2001). "Some old-fashioned enemas still work and are still used". RN. 64: 80. Failure to expel all of the barium may cause constipation or possible impaction [53] and a patient who has no bowel movement for more than two days or is unable to pass gas rectally should promptly inform a physician and may require an enema or laxative. [54] Medication administration Structure and principles". WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology. 15 February 2018 . Retrieved 3 January 2022.

Bruera, E; Pruvost, M; Schoeller, T; Montegjo, G; Watanabe, S (April 1998). "Proctoclysis for Hydration of Terminally Ill Cancer Patients". Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 15 (4): 216–9. doi: 10.1016/S0885-3924(97)00367-9. PMID 9601155. de Smet PA, Hellmuth NM (1986). "A multidisciplinary approach to ritual enema scenes on ancient Maya pottery". J Ethnopharmacol. 16 (2–3): 213–62. doi: 10.1016/0378-8741(86)90091-7. PMID 3528674. A rubber bag connected with a conical nozzle, at an early period, was in use among the indigenous peoples of South America as an enema syringe, [81] and the rubber enema bag with a connecting tube and ivory tip remained in use by them while in Europe a syringe was still the usual means for conducting an enema. [82] Asia

de Vries, Henry J.C.; van der Bij, Akke K.; Fennema, Johan S.A.; Smit, Colette; de Wolf, Frank; Prins, Maria; Coutinho, Roel A.; MorrÉ, Servaas (2008). "Lymphogranuloma venereum proctitis in men who have sex with men is associated with anal enema use and high-risk behavior". Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 35 (2): 203–208. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31815abb08. PMID 18091565. S2CID 2065170. Short AR, Bywaters HW (June 1913). "Amino-Acids and Sugars in Rectal Feeding". Br Med J. 1 (2739): 1361–1367. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.2739.1361. JSTOR 25302025. PMC 2299894. PMID 20766702. Eisele JW, Reay DT (1980). "Deaths related to coffee enemas". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 244 (14): 1608–1609. doi: 10.1001/jama.1980.03310140066036. PMID 7420666. NHS Grampian – Laxatives". Latest medicine updates. electronic Medicines Compendium (eMC). 16 May 2011 . Retrieved 4 March 2019.Micolette Micro-enema® contains 45 mg sodium lauryl sulphoacetate, 450 mg per 5 ml sodium citrate BP, and 625 mg glycerol BP [48] and is a small volume stimulant enema suitable where large-volume enemas are contra-indicated. [28] Chronic treatments Transanal irrigation The Editorial Board (5 June 2015). "A Detainee Describes More C.I.A. Torture". Editorial. The New York Times . Retrieved 22 April 2019. For relieving occasional constipation, a large volume enema may be used in a home setting, although for recurring or severe cases of constipation medical care may be required. [5] Water-based solutions