Jacobitism's main ideological tenets drew on a political theology shared by Non-juring High church Anglicans, such as the Hancorne family, and Scots Episcopalians. [35] They were, firstly, the divine right of kings, their accountability to God, not man or Parliament; secondly that monarchy was a divine institution; thirdly, the crown's descent by indefeasible hereditary right, which could not be overturned or annulled; and lastly the scriptural injunction of passive obedience and non-resistance, even towards monarchs of which the individual subject might disapprove. [36] [37] Alexander Forbes, 4th Lord Forbes of Pitsligo; his support of the doctrine of indefeasible hereditary right placed him in a minority of Jacobites by 1745 Keppoch brought around 300 men to Glenfinnan from the Lochaber area. He actively served as the regiment's colonel, one of the few clan heads to do so, with close relations as senior officers, though his men developed a reputation for poor discipline. [78] During the campaign the regiment incorporated several smaller units, such as a 120-man 'regiment' led by Alexander MacDonald of Glencoe; present at Highbridge and heavily involved at Prestonpans and Falkirk, Keppoch's Regiment took heavy casualties at Culloden and dispersed.

The northeastern ports in particular provided significant numbers; by some estimates, up to a quarter of the adult male population of Montrose saw Jacobite service. [29] Long after the Rising was over, the region continued to feature in Government reports as a centre of Jacobite 'disaffection', with the shipmasters of Montrose, Stonehive, Peterhead and other ports involved in a two-way traffic of exiles and recruits for French service. [29] Yates, Nigel (2017). Eighteenth-century Britain: Religion and Politics, 1715-1815. Routledge. p.18. ISBN 978-1138154346. a b Plank, Geoffrey. (2006) Rebellion and Savagery: the Jacobite Rising of 1745 and the British Empire Univ. of Pennsylvania, p.81 Jacobite cavalry was small in number in 1745-6 and were restricted largely to scouting and other typical light cavalry duties. Despite this, the units that were raised arguably performed better in this role during the campaign than the regulars opposing them. [85] All except one of the 'regiments' comprised two troops and were over-officered to an even greater degree than the infantry, [85] as commissions were used to reward Jacobite support. The Manchester Regiment was raised in the town of the same name in late November 1745, numbering around 200 volunteers. Most of the regiment was left as a garrison at Carlisle during the Jacobite retreat to Scotland, surrendering at the end of December. A pioneer company attached to the artillery fought at Culloden.Elcho, David (2010) [1748]. A Short Account of the Affairs of Scotland in the Years 1744–46. Kessinger Publishing. p.289. ISBN 978-1163535240. Accounts maintained by Lawrence Oliphant of Gask, who was deputy commander under Strathallan at Perth, show that a fixed scale of pay was maintained until relatively late in the campaign. Private soldiers were paid 6d. per day, while sergeants received 9d.; officers' pay ranged from ensigns at 1s.6d. per day to colonels at 6s. [109] There was however little consistency in how individual regiments were paid by their colonels and men were paid at intervals ranging from one to 21 days: although generally paid in advance some companies received theirs in arrears. [110]

He was speaking in English; most of the clansmen would have spoken Scots Gaelic, so his words were translated. It’s possible that the translator was the bard Alasdair Mac Mhaighstir Alasdair, or Alexander MacDonald, whose poetry inciting the clans to rise for King James was widely circulated long before Charles set foot on the Doutelle. He may even have sung his welcome song Tearlach Mac Sheumais (Charles son of James) during that afternoon. Alasdair, who had lived with his family at Dalilea for the past few months, was to be Charles’s Gaelic tutor. Elcho, David (2010) [1748]. A Short Account of the Affairs of Scotland in the Years 1744–46. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-1163535240. Elcho in Tayler (ed) (1948) A Jacobite Miscellany: Eight Original Papers on the Rising of 1745-1746, p.202Green, with a white Scandinavian Cross showing the ancestry of the people and places names of Barra. The green represents the green of the Barra Isles. [12]

Layne, Daren Scott (2015). The Popular Constituency of the Jacobite Rising in 1745-6. University of St Andrews. pp.67–68. hdl: 10023/8868. He also had “a large quantity of oatmeal, and… a sufficient quantity of brandy (two of the most grateful things that could be given to a Highlander)”, according to Aeneas MacDonald, one of the Seven Men and the brother of Kinlochmoidart. But no army to feed. In 1685, many feared civil war if James were bypassed; by 1688, even the Earl of Sunderland, his chief minister, felt only his removal could prevent it. Sunderland secretly co-ordinated an Invitation to William, assuring Mary and her husband, and James's cousin, William of Orange of English support for armed intervention. William landed in Brixham on 5 November with 14,000 men; as he advanced, James's army deserted and he went into exile on 23 December. [22] In February 1689, the English Parliament appointed William and Mary joint monarchs of England, while the Scots followed suit in March. [23] James II, 1685, dressed in military uniform Aikman, C. (ed) (2012) No Quarter Given: The Muster Roll of Prince Charles Edward Stuart's Army , Wilson, p.11Equipment [ edit ] "Duncan Macgregor of Dalnasplutrach", the Penicuik artist's depiction of a Jacobite officer: The use of the broadsword and targe, a style of weaponry first popular in 16th century Spain, was limited largely to officers in Highland regiments. In a small barn at the head of Loch Shiel a tall young man was waiting. Charles Edward Stuart (Prince Charles to his followers, ‘the Pretender’s son’ to his enemies, Bonnie Prince Charlie in gift shops) had spent the weeks since he landed in Scotland on 23 July, 1745, summoning, persuading, charming the clan chiefs he expected support from to meet him at Glenfinnan “one hour after noon” on the 19th. a b "The 'Lion Rampant' Flag". Edinburgh: The Court of the Lord Lyon. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011 . Retrieved 28 December 2008. The Standard of Prince William, namely the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom used in Scotland, defaced with a label of three points, the centre point bearing a red scallop.

Several larger siege guns were landed at Montrose in November, along with a number of three-pounders taken at Fontenoy. At Stirling, Grant was absent due to a wound received at Fort William: the siege artillery was placed under the command of a Franco-Scottish engineer Loüis-Antoine-Alexandre-François de Gordon, usually known by the possible nom-de-guerre of the 'Marquis de Mirabelle'. [95] The abilities of "Mr. Admirable", as he was derisively called by the Scots, were not well-regarded and the artillery's placement and performance at Stirling were so poor it was suspected he had been bribed. [96] Most of the siege artillery was abandoned when the Jacobites retreated.

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Jacobitism [c] was a political movement that supported the restoration of the senior line of the House of Stuart to the British throne. The name derives from the first name of James II of England, which is rendered in Latin as Jacobus. When James went into exile after the November 1688 Glorious Revolution, the Parliament of England argued that he had abandoned the English throne, which they offered to his Protestant daughter Mary II of England, and her husband William III. [1] In April, the Scottish Convention held that he "forfeited" the throne of Scotland by his actions, listed in the Articles of Grievances. [2]