X-ray spectroscopy. Provided by: Wiktionary. Located at: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/X-ray_spectroscopy. License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike Boundless. Provided by: Boundless Learning. Located at: www.boundless.com//physics/definition/am-radio-waves. License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike Infrared radiation is popularly known as ” heat radiation,” but light and electromagnetic waves of any frequency will heat surfaces that absorb them. Boundless. Provided by: Boundless Learning. Located at: www.boundless.com//physics/definition/fm-radio-waves. License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike

ozone layer. Provided by: Wiktionary. Located at: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ozone_layer. License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike Exceptions to this convention occur in astronomy, where gamma decay is seen in the afterglow of certain supernovas, but other high energy processes known to involve other than radioactive decay are still classed as sources of gamma radiation. A notable example is extremely powerful bursts of high-energy radiation normally referred to as long duration gamma-ray bursts, which produce gamma rays by a mechanism not compatible with radioactive decay. These bursts of gamma rays, thought to be due to the collapse of stars called hypernovas, are the most powerful events so far discovered in the cosmos. Astrophysical processes are the only sources for very high energy gamma rays (~100 MeV).Solar UV radiation is commonly subdivided into three regions: UV-A (320–400 nm), UV-B (290–320 nm), and UV-C (220–290 nm), ranked from long to shorter wavelengths (from smaller to larger energies). non-ionizing radiation: Radiation that does not cause atmospheric ionization; electrically neutral radiation. Most UV is non- ionizing radiation, though UV with higher energies (10-120 nm) is ionizing. All UV can have harmful effects on biological matter (such as causing cancers) with the highest energies causing the most damage. gamma decay. Provided by: Wiktionary. Located at: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gamma_decay. License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike

Astronomers use multi-wavelength imagery to study details that might not otherwise be present in visible images. For example, a new multiwavelength observation of Jupiter released in 2020 by Hubble in ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared light of Jupiter gave researchers an entirely new view of the giant planet. These observations provided insights into the altitude and distribution of the planet’s haze and particles and showed Jupiter’s ever-changing cloud patterns. The planet’s aurorae are only visible in the ultraviolet; however, the structure of the red spot is well studied at visible wavelengths. thermography: Any of several techniques for the remote measurement of the temperature variations of a body, especially by creating images produced by infrared radiation. Gamma radiation, also known as gamma rays or hyphenated as gamma-rays and denoted as γ, is electromagnetic radiation of high frequency and therefore high energy. Gamma rays typically have frequencies above 10 exahertz (or >10 19 Hz), and therefore have energies above 100 keV and wavelengths less than 10 picometers (less than the diameter of an atom). However, this is not a hard and fast definition, but rather only a rule-of-thumb description for natural processes. Gamma rays from radioactive decay are defined as gamma rays no matter what their energy, so that there is no lower limit to gamma energy derived from radioactive decay. Gamma decay commonly produces energies of a few hundred keV, and almost always less than 10 MeV. Visible light is produced by vibrations and rotations of atoms and molecules, as well as by electronic transitions within atoms and molecules. The receivers or detectors of light largely utilize electronic transitions. We say the atoms and molecules are excited when they absorb and relax when they emit through electronic transitions. The optical window is also called the visible window because it overlaps the human visible response spectrum. This is not coincidental as humanity’s ancestors evolved vision that could make use of the most plentiful wavelengths of light.The near infrared (NIR) window lies just out of the human vision, as well as the Medium Wavelength IR (MWIR) window and the Long Wavelength or Far Infrared (LWIR or FIR) window though other animals may experience them.emissivity: The energy-emitting propensity of a surface, usually measured at a specific wavelength. The electromagnetic spectrum is a range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. From long to short wavelength, the EM spectrum includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays and gamma rays. Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays, that is, in the range 10 nm to 400 nm, corresponding to photon energies from 3 eV to 124 eV (1 eV = 1.6e -19 J; EM radiation with frequencies higher than those of visible light are often expressed in terms of energy rather than frequency). It is so-named because the spectrum consists of electromagnetic waves with frequencies higher than those that humans identify as the color violet. These frequencies are invisible to humans, but visible to a number of insects and birds.

Infrared radiation can be used to remotely determine the temperature of objects (if the emissivity is known). This is termed thermography, mainly used in military and industrial applications but the technology is reaching the public market in the form of infrared cameras on cars due to the massively reduced production costs. radio waves: Designates a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum having frequencies ranging from 300 GHz to 3 kHz, or equivalently, wavelengths from 1 millimeter to 100 kilometers. X-rays have shorter wavelengths (higher energy ) than UV waves and, generally, longer wavelengths (lower energy) than gamma rays. Sometimes X-rays are called Röntgen radiation, after Wilhelm Röntgen, who is usually credited as their discoverer.OpenStax College, College Physics. April 28, 2014. Provided by: OpenStax CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/content/m42444/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7. License: CC BY: Attribution AM radio waves: Waves used to carry commercial radio signals between 540 and 1600 kHz. Information is carried by amplitude variation, while the frequency remains constant. Radio waves. Provided by: Wikipedia. Located at: en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_waves. License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike x-ray crystallography. Provided by: Wikipedia. Located at: en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/x-ray%20crystallography. License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike X-rays are broken up into broad two categories: hard X-rays with energies above 5-10 keV (below 0.2-0.1 nm wavelength) and soft X-rays with energies 100 eV – 5 keV (10 – 0.1 nm wavelength). Hard X-rays are more useful for radiography because they pass through tissue.