Hoogenboom, M. O. et al. Environmental drivers of variation in bleaching severity of Acropora species during an extreme thermal anomaly. Front. Mar. Sci. 4, 376 (2017). Previous studies have demonstrated that deoxygenation alone can drive coral bleaching and subsequent mortality 25, 26, suggesting that accelerating ocean deoxygenation under climate change and eutrophication could drastically impact the ability of corals – as aerobic metazoans – to respond to heat stress 7, 22, 24, 25. Based on established coral bleaching proxies of BIS 59, 60 and F v/ F m (e.g., 80, the Effective Dose 50 (ED50; 47, 49) metric affirms that deoxygenation lowers thermal thresholds for the species of Acropora examined here. Under 36 °C heating stress and deoxygenation, coral samples (Hd) exhibited greater visual paling with a lower BIS and a reduction in the ED50 BIS and ED50 Fv/Fm by 1 °C and 0.4 °C, respectively, compared to normoxic conditions (Fig. 1, Figure S5). With current climate models predicting at least a + 1.5 °C warming 81, 82, the lowering of the coral thermal threshold by a whole 1 °C (ED50 BIS) under deoxygenation is a drastic result that warrants careful consideration in projecting the future survival of coral reefs. The non-breaking hyphen, nonbreaking hyphen, or no-break hyphen looks identical to the regular hyphen, but word processors treat it as a letter so that the hyphenated word will not be divided at the hyphen should this fall at what would be the end of a line of text; instead, either the whole hyphenated word will remain in full at the end of the line or it will go in full to the beginning of the next line. The nonbreaking space exists for similar reasons. Ellīnikós Organismós Typopoíīsīs, " Hellenic Organization for Standardization"]. ΕΛΟΤ 743, 2η Έκδοση [ ELOT 743, 2ī Ekdosī, "ELOT 743, 2nd ed."]. ELOT (Athens), 2001. (in Greek)

Johnson, M. D. et al. Rapid ecosystem-scale consequences of acute deoxygenation on a Caribbean coral reef. Nat. Commun. 12, 1–12 (2021). Johnson, M. D., Swaminathan, S. D., Nixon, E. N., Paul, V. J. & Altieri, A. H. Differential susceptibility of reef-building corals to deoxygenation reveals remarkable hypoxia tolerance. Sci. Rep. 11, 1–12 (2021).

Savary, R. et al. Fast and pervasive transcriptomic resilience and acclimation of extremely heat-tolerant coral holobionts from the northern Red Sea. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2023298118 (2021).

To explore for any consistencies or differences between normoxic and deoxygenated heat stress, we evaluated the expression profiles of 20,115 assembled transcripts using RNA-Seq. Principal component analysis revealed that samples were largely separated by the heat stress temperature, with PC1 explaining 74% of the variation (Fig. 1d). In addition, we found sub-clustering of samples at 30 °C and 33 °C versus 36 °C and 39 °C (Fig. 1 c, d). Further, samples at 39 °C under deoxygenated heat stress conditions were most distinct and separated from 39 °C heat stress samples suggesting that deoxygenation exerts a more pronounced effect under high heat stress. Lastly, greater dispersion of samples, i.e. a higher variance, was consistently demonstrated by heat and deoxygenation samples compared to heat only samples across all temperatures. Corals exhibit a similar response to heat stress with and without deoxygenation Rules (or guidelines) for correct hyphenation vary between languages, and may be complex, and they can interact with other orthographic and typesetting practices. Hyphenation algorithms, when employed in concert [ clarification needed] with dictionaries, are sufficient for all but the most formal texts. DeSalvo, M. K. et al. Differential gene expression during thermal stress and bleaching in the Caribbean coral Montastraea faveolata. Mol. Ecol. 17, 3952–3971 (2008). The hyphen is sometimes confused with dashes ( en dash – and em dash — and others), which are longer, or with the minus sign −, which is also longer and usually higher up to match the crossbar in the plus sign +.

Camp, E. F. et al. Reef-building corals thrive within hot-acidified and deoxygenated waters. Sci. Rep. 7, 1–9 (2017). Hou Yifan's first major tournament was on 31 August–12 September 2003 at the Chinese Team Chess Championship (Open) in Tianjin. [23] [ failed verification] [ citation needed] She scored 3/7 with a 2246 performance rating. [24] [ failed verification] [ citation needed]