a b Kirchherr, Julian; Reike, Denise; Hekkert, Marko (2017-12-01). "Conceptualizing the circular economy: An analysis of 114 definitions". Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 127: 221–232. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.09.005. ISSN 0921-3449. There are other critiques of the circular economy (CE). [263] [264] For example, Allwood (2014) discussed the limits of CE 'material circularity', and questioned the desirability of the CE in a reality with growing demand. [54] Do CE secondary production activities (reuse, repair, and remake) actually reduce, or instead displace, primary production (natural resource extraction)? The problem CE overlooks, its untold story, is how displacement is governed mainly by market forces, according to McMillan et al. (2012). [265] It's the tired old narrative, that the invisible hand of market forces will conspire to create full displacement of virgin material of the same kind, said Zink & Geyer (2017). [262] Korhonen, Nuur, Feldmann, and Birkie (2018) argued that "the basic assumptions concerning the values, societal structures, cultures, underlying world-views and the paradigmatic potential of CE remain largely unexplored". [266] The construction sector is one of the world's largest waste generators. The circular economy appears as a helpful solution to diminish the environmental impact of the industry. Circular development is directly linked to the circular economy and aims to build a sustainable society based on recyclable and renewable resources, to protect society from waste and to be able to form a model that is no longer considering resources as infinite. [27] This new model of economic development focuses on the production of goods and services, taking into account environmental and social costs. [27] Circular development, therefore, supports the circular economy to create new societies in line with new waste management and sustainability objectives that meet the needs of citizens. It is about enabling economies and societies, in general, to become more sustainable. [ citation needed]

Most frequently described as a framework for thinking, its supporters claim it is a coherent model that has value as part of a response to the end of the era of cheap oil and materials, moreover contributing to the transition to a low-carbon economy. In line with this, a circular economy can contribute to meeting the COP 21 Paris Agreement. The emissions reduction commitments made by 195 countries at the COP 21 Paris Agreement are not sufficient to limit global warming to 1.5°C. To reach the 1.5°C ambition it is estimated that additional emissions reductions of 15 billion tonnes of CO 2 per year need to be achieved by 2030. Circle Economy and Ecofys estimated that circular economy strategies may deliver emissions reductions that could bridge the gap by half. [63] Moving away from the linear model [ edit ] a b c d e F.H.R. Breteler (6 April 2022). "Enhancement of the process of reusing building products" (PDF). pure.tue.nl . Retrieved 24 September 2022. We support Berlin’s circular economy actors, by connecting them thought digital tools and regular events. a b c d e Ranta, Valtteri; Aarikka-Stenroos, Leena; Ritala, Paavo; Mäkinen, Saku J. (August 2018). "Exploring institutional drivers and barriers of the circular economy: A cross-regional comparison of China, the US, and Europe". Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 135: 70–82. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.08.017. hdl: 10024/158840. S2CID 11329865. English–Arabic English–Bengali English–Catalan English–Czech English–Danish English–Hindi English–Korean English–Malay English–Marathi English–Russian English–Tamil English–Telugu English–Thai English–Turkish English–Ukrainian English–VietnameseBrydges, Taylor (2021-04-15). "Closing the loop on take, make, waste: Investigating circular economy practices in the Swedish fashion industry". Journal of Cleaner Production. 293: 126245. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126245. ISSN 0959-6526. S2CID 233577453.

For Brussels, a plan was adopted in 2016 to develop the circular economy in its region. This plan will be in place for a period of 10 years. [245] The Netherlands [ edit ] Wautelet, Thibaut (2018). "The Concept of Circular Economy: its Origins and its Evolution". doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.17021.87523. {{ cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= ( help) Towards the Circular Economy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-11-23 . Retrieved 18 April 2021.

Key to implementing the circular lifecycle for complex engineering systems is ensuring the engineering design team have a solid understanding of the product's ecosystem. The Lifecycle-Value Stream Matrix for complex and certified circular systems assists engineers and product design teams in visualizing the product's ecosystem more effectively. It enables engineers to map the intricate ecosystem surrounding their products, leading to the identification of potential strategic partners and novel opportunities for technology and service innovation. Tecchio, Paolo; McAlister, Catriona; Mathieux, Fabrice; Ardente, Fulvio (1 December 2017). "In search of standards to support circularity in product policies: A systematic approach". Journal of Cleaner Production. 168: 1533–1546. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.198. ISSN 0959-6526. PMC 5656090. PMID 29200663. An implementation of tools and methods such as a regulatory framework (laws), a financial framework (financial helps and sanctions), creation, management and sharing of knowledge on the subject, etc.; [248] It has been argued that emerging technologies should be designed with circular economy principles from the start, including solar panels. [86] Design of circularity processes [ edit ] Not all types of recycling processes (one circularity process) have equal impact on health and sustainability. In 2010, the concept of circular economy started to become popular internationally after the publication of several reports. [32]